دوره 16، شماره 1 - ( بهار 1405 )
جلد 16 شماره 1 صفحات 48-33 |
برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Akbarzadeh-Chamachaei G, Koohkan H, Saraji F, Mortazavi M S, Mohebbi Nozar L. Synthesis of biochar from municipal sewage sludge and its effectiveness in removing phosphate and nitrate from shrimp farm effluent. , J. Aqua. Eco. 2026; 16 (1) :33-48
URL: http://jae.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-1157-fa.html
URL: http://jae.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-1157-fa.html
اکبرزاده چماچایی غلامعلی، کوهکن هادی، سراجی فرشته، مرتضوی محمدصدیق، محبی نوذر سیده لیلی. سنتز بیوچار از لجن فاضلاب شهری و کارایی آن در حذف فسفات و نیترات از پساب مزارع پرورش میگو. , مجله بوم شناسی آبزیان. 1405; 16 (1) :33-48
چکیده: (886 مشاهده)
بیوچار ماده‌ای جامد و غنی از کربن پایدار است که حاصل سوزاندن مواد آلی طی فرایند گرماکافت می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق تولید بیوچار از لجن تصفیه خانه و تعیین کارایی آن در حذف مواد مغذی (نیترات، فسفات و آمونیوم) از پساب مزارع میگو بود. به منظور سنتز بیوچار، در پنج نوبت نمونه هایی از لجن تصفیه خانه بندرعباس در بهار 1402 تهیه شد و سپس در هوا خشک شدند و نمونه ها در بوته های آلومینا فشرده و در کوره الکتریکی در دماهای 300، 400، 500، 600 و 700 درجه سانتیگراد قرار داده شدند. پس از سنتز بیوچار خصوصیات فیزیکیوشیمیایی بیوچارهای سنتز شده تعیین شد. بررسی‌های ریخت‌شناسی نشان داد که بیوچارهای تولیدشده دارای ساختار متخلخل و سطح ویژه بالاتری نسبت به لجن فاضلاب اولیه هستند. نتایج آنالیز عنصری نیز نشان داد که با افزایش دمای پیرولیز، درصد عناصر کربن، نیتروژن و گوگرد در بیوچار افزایش یافته، در حالی‌که درصد اکسیژن کاهش می‌یابد. به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد بیوچار در حذف مواد مغذی شامل نیترات، فسفات و آمونیوم، نمونه‌های سنتز‌شده با پساب مزارع پرورش میگو مورد تیمار و آزمایش قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که BC700 (Biochar 700) بیشترین کارایی بر حذف فسفات (91.7%) دارد. مناسبترین دوز و زمان تماس بیوچار 700 با پساب مزارع میگو به ترتیب 5/2 گرم و 2 ساعت بود که حدود 95 درصد فسفات را از پساب مزارع میگو حذف نمود. کارایی BC700 نسبت به سایر بیوچارها در حذف نیترات (حدود 52%) بالاتر بود. بیشترین درصد حذف نیترات با 3 گرم BC700 با 180 دقیقه (دوساعت) زمان تماس مشاهده گردید. مقدار بهینه بیوچار اصلاح شده با آهن (2 گرم) و مناسبترین مدت تماس (2 ساعت)، کارایی حذف نیترات را تا 98 درصد افزایش داد. با توجه به نتایج، بهترین بیوچار جهت حذف فسفات و نیترات به ترتیب BC700 و Fe-BC بود. همچنین استفاده از بیوچار درپساب مزارع می تواند موجب کاهش ورود مواد آلی به اکوسیستم ساحلی شود.
فهرست منابع
1. Abdoli, S., Asgari Lajayer, B., Dehghanian, Z., Bagheri, N., Vafaei, A. H., Chamani, M., and Price, G. W., 2024. A review of the efficiency of phosphorus removal and recovery from wastewater by physicochemical and biological processes: challenges and opportunities. Water, 16(17), pp. 2507. [DOI:10.3390/w16172507]
2. Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A.U., Lim, J.E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., Vithanage, M., Lee, S.S., Ok, Y.S., 2014. Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: a review. Chemosphere, 99, pp. 19-33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071 [DOI:10.1016/j. chemosphere.2013.10.071.]
3. Akbarzadeh chomachaei, G., Karim Zadeh, R., saraji, F., aghajari khazaei, S., mohebi nozar, S. L., Darvishi, M., behzadi, S., Ejlali Khanghah, K. Assessment of environmental risk caused by shrimp farming activities in Hormozgan province (Based on studies conducted in the Tiab Area). Ecology and Water Resources, 2021; 4(2), pp. 9-18. (in Persian).
4. Antunes, E., Jacob, M.V., Brodie, G., Schneider, P.A., 2018. Isotherms, kinetics and mechanism analysis of phosphorus recovery from aqueous solution by calcium-rich biochar produced from biosolids via microwave pyrolysis. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(1), pp.395-403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.011 [DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.011.]
5. Audelo-Naranjo, J.M., Martínez-Córdova, L.R., Gómez-Jiménez, S. and Voltolina, D., 2012. Intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei without water exchange and with an artificial substrate. Hidrobiológica, 22(1), pp.1-7. https://hidrobiologica.izt.uam.mx/index.php/revHidro/article/view/673
6. Bera, T., Purakayastha, T.J., Patra, A.K., Datta, S.C., 2018. Comparative analysis of physicochemical, nutrient, and spectral properties of agricultural residue biochars as influenced by pyrolysis temperatures. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 20, pp. 1115-1127.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0675-4 [DOI:10.1007/s10163-017-0675-4.]
7. Bird, M., Keitel, C. and Meredith, W., 2017. Analysis of biochars for C, H, N, O and S by elemental analyser, 1, pp. 39-50. Clayton: CSIRO publishing. https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/970299
8. Bishnoi, N.R., Bajaj, M., Sharma, N., and Gupta, A., 2004. Adsorption of Cr. VI on activated rice husk carbon and activated alumina. Bioresource Technology, 91, pp. 305-307.doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00204-9 [DOI:10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00204-9]
9. Biswas, B., Adhikari, S., Jahromi, H., Ammar, M., Baltrusaitis, J., Torbert, A., Linhoss, J., Lamba, J., 2024. Magnesium doped biochar for simultaneous adsorption of phosphate and nitrogen ions from aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 358, pp.142130. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142130]
10. Boeykens, S.P., Piol, M.N., Legal, L.S., Saralegui, A.B., Vázquez, C., 2017. Eutrophication decrease: phosphate adsorption processes in presence of nitrates. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, pp. 888-895. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.026]
11. Brandoni, C., Bosnjakovic, B., 2018. Energy, food and water nexus in the European :union:: Towards a circular economy. Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Energy, 171(3), pp.140- 144. [DOI:10.1680/jener.18.00005]
12. de Amorim, W. S., Valduga, I. B., Ribeiro, J. M. P., Williamson, V.G., Krauser, G. E., Magtoto, M. K., 2018. The nexus between water, energy, and food in the context of the global risks: An analysis of the interactions between food, water, and energy security. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 72, pp. 1-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.eiar.2018.05.002]
13. Fagbohungbe, M. O., Herbert, B. M. J., Hurst, L., Ibeto, C. N., Li, H., Usmani, S. Q., 2017. The challenges of anaerobic digestion and the role of biochar in optimizing anaerobic digestion. Waste Management, 61, pp. 236-249. [DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.028]
14. Faria, W.M., Figueiredo, C.C. de, Coser, T.R., Vale, A.T., Schneider, B.G., 2018. Is sewage sludge biochar capable of replacing inorganic fertilizers for corn production? Evidence from a two-year field experiment. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64, pp. 505-519. [DOI:10.1080/03650340.2017.1360488]
15. Feng, M., Li, M., Zhang, L., Luo, Y., Zhao, D., Yuan, M., Zhang, K., Wang, F., 2022. Oyster shell modified tobacco straw biochar: efficient phosphate adsorption at wide range of pH values. International Journal of Environmental Research, 19, pp. 7227.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph [DOI:10.3390/ijerph. 19127227]
16. Foereid, B., 2015. Biochar in nutrient recycling-The effect and its use in wastewater treatment. Open Journal of Soil Science, 5(02):39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2015.52004 [DOI:10.4236/ojss.2015.52004]
17. Gai, X.P., Wang, H.Y., Liu, J., Zhai, L.M., Liu, S., Ren, T.Z., Liu, H.B., 2014. Effects of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on biochar adsorption of ammonium and nitrate. PLoS One 9 (12), pp. 526-534. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0113888]
18. Ganesan, P., Kamaraj, R., Vasudevan, S., 2013. Application of isotherm, kinetic andthermodynamic models for the adsorption of nitrate ions on graphene fromaqueous solution. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 11, pp. 2735-2746. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtice.2013.01.029]
19. Gherghel, A., Teodosiu, C., De Gisi, S., 2019. A review on wastewater sludge valorisation and its challenges in the context of circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 228, pp. 244-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.240]
20. Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., 2010. Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327, pp. 812-818. [DOI:10.1126/science.1185383]
21. Gong, Y.P., Ni, Z.Y. Xiong, Z.Z., Cheng, L.H. , Xu, X.H., 2017. Phosphate and ammo- nium adsorption of the modified biochar based on Phragmites australis after phytoremediation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, pp. 8326-8335 [DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-8499-2]
22. Gumus, R.H. and Okpeku, I., 2015. Production of Activated Carbon and Characterization from Snail Shell Waste (Helix pomatia). Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 5, pp. 51-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aces.2015.51006 [DOI:10.4236/aces.2015.51006]
23. Haddad, K., Jellali, S., Jeguirim, M., Trabelsi, A.B.H., Limousy, L., 2018. Investigations on phosphorus recovery from aqueous solutions by biochars derived from magnesium-pretreated cypress sawdust. Journal of Environmental Management, .216, pp. 305-314. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.020]
24. Haghighi Mood, S., Pelaez-Samaniego, M.R., Han, Y., Mainali, K., Garcia-Perez, M., 2024. Iron-and Nitrogen-Modified Biochar for Nitrate Adsorption from Aqueous Solution. Sustainability, 16(13), pp. 5733. [DOI:10.3390/su16135733]
25. Hale, S.E., Alling, V., Martinsen, V., Mulder, J., Breedveld, G.D., Cornelissen, G., 2013. The sorption and desorption of phosphate-P, ammonium-N and nitrate-N in ca- cao shell and corn cob biochars. Chemosphere, 91(11), pp. 1612-1619. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.057]
26. Han, L., Sun, H., Sun, K., Yang, Y., Fang, L., Xing, B., 2021. Effect of Fe and Al ions on the production of biochar from agricultural biomass: properties, stability and adsorption efficiency of biochar. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 145, pp. 111133. [DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111133]
27. Hollister, C.C., Bisogni, J.J., Lehmann, J., 2013. Ammonium, Nitrate, and Phosphate sorption to and solute leaching from biochars prepared from Corn Stover (L.) and Oak Wood (spp.). Journal of Environmental Quality, 42 (1), pp. 137-144. [DOI:10.2134/jeq2012.0033]
28. Hou, J., Huang, L., Yang, Z., Zhao, Y., Deng, C., Chen, Y. and Li, X., 2016. Adsorption of ammonium on biochar prepared from giant reed. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(19), pp. 19107-19115. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-016-7084-4]
29. Hu, Q., Chen, N., Feng, C., Hu, W., 2015. Nitrate adsorption from aqueous solution using granular chitosan-Fe3+complex. Applied Surface Science, 347, pp. 1-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.049]
30. Inyang, M., Dickenson, E., 2015. The potential role of biochar in the removal of organic and microbial contaminants from potable and reuse water: a review. Chemosphere, 134, pp. 232-240.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.072 [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.072.]
31. Jayanthi, M., Thirumurthy, S., Muralidhar, M. and Ravichandran, P., 2018. Impact of shrimp aquaculture development on important ecosystems in India. Global Environmental Change, 52, pp.10-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.05.005]
32. Jung, K.W., Hwang, M.J. , Ahn, K.H. , Ok, Y.S., 2015. Kinetic study on phosphate re- moval from aqueous solution by biochar derived from peanut shell as renew- able adsorptive media. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12 (10), pp. 3363-3372. [DOI:10.1007/s13762-015-0766-5]
33. Kim, E., Jung, C., Han, J., Her, N., Park, C.M., Jang, M., Son, A., Yoon, Y., 2012. Sorptive removal of selected emerging contaminants using biochar in aqueous solution. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 36, pp. 364-371. [DOI:10.1016/j.jiec.2016.03.004]
34. Kumar, P., Sudha, S., Chand, S. and Srivastava, V. C., 2010 'Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Coir-Pith Activated Carbon'. Separation Science and Technology, 45(10), pp. 1463-1470. [DOI:10.1080/01496395.2010.485604]
35. Lara‐Anguiano, G.F., Esparza‐Leal, H.M., Sainz‐Hernández, J.C., Ponce‐Palafox, J.T., Valenzuela‐Quiñónez, W., Apun‐Molina, J.P. and Klanian, M.G., 2013. Effects of inorganic and organic fertilization on physicochemical parameters, bacterial concentrations, and shrimp growth in Litopenaeus vannamei cultures with zero water exchange. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 44(4), pp.499-510. [DOI:10.1111/jwas.12058]
36. Lawal, A. A., Hassan, M. A., Farid, M. A. A., Yasim-Anuar, T. A. T., Yusoff, M. Z. M., Zakaria, M. R., and Shirai, Y., 2020. Production of biochar from oil palm frond by steam pyrolysis for removal of residual contaminants in palm oil mill effluent final discharge. Journal of Cleaner Production, 265, pp. 121643. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121643]
37. Mizuta, K., Matsumoto, T., Hatate, Y., Nishihara, K., Nakanishi, T., 2004. Removal of nitrate-nitrogen from drinking water using bamboo powder charcoal. Bioresource Technology, 95, pp. 255-257. [DOI:10.33086/etm.v1i1.2036]
38. Mohan, D., Abhishek, K., Sarswat, A., Patel, M., Singh, P., Pittman, C.U., 2018. Biochar production and applications in soil fertility and carbon sequestration - a sustainable solution to crop-residue burning in India. RSC Advances, 8, pp. 508-520. https://doi.org/ 10.1039/C7RA10353K. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA10353K
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA10353K [DOI:10.1039/C7RA10353K. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA10353K]
39. Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Ok, Y.S., Pittman, C.U., 2014. Organic and inorganic contaminants removal from water with biochar, a renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbent - a critical review. Bioresource Technology, 160, pp. 191-202. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.120. [DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.120]
40. Olgun, A., Atar, N., Wang, S., 2013. Batch and column studies of phosphate and nitrate adsorption on waste solids containing boron impurity. Chemical Engeneering Journal, 222, pp. 108-119. [DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2013.02.029]
41. Oztürk, N., and Bektaş, T. E. l. 2004. Nitrate removal from aqueous solution by adsorption onto various materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 112, pp. 155-162. [DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.05.001]
42. Saha, S. K., 2017. Socio-economic and environmental impacts of shrimp farming in the south-western coastal region of Bangladesh. International Journal of Research on Land-use Sustainability, 3(1), pp. 128-137.
43. Samocha, T.M. and Lawrence, A.L., 1997. Shrimp farms' effluent waters, environmental impact and potential treatment methods. Interactions between cultured species and naturally occurring species in the environment, pp.35-38.
44. Saxena, J., Rawat, J., Kumar, R. 2017. Conversion of biomass waste into biochar and the effect on mung bean crop production. Clean, 45, pp. 1501020.
https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201501020 [DOI:10.1002/ clen.201501020]
45. Sharma, M., Singh, J., Baskar, C., Kumar, A., 2018. A comprehensive review on biochar formation and its utilization for wastewater treatment. Pollution Research, 37, pp. 1-18.
46. Shepherd, J.G., Joseph, S., Sohi, S.P., Heal, K. V., 2017. Biochar and enhanced phosphate capture: Mapping mechanisms to functional properties. Chemosphere, 179, pp. 57-74. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.123]
47. Stella Mary, G., Sugumaran, P., Niveditha, S., Ramalakshmi, B., Ravichandran, P., Seshadri, S., 2016. Production, characterization and evaluation of biochar from pod (Pisum sativum), leaf (Brassica oleracea) and peel (Citrus sinensis) wastes. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 5, pp. 43-53.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40093-016-0116-8 [DOI:10.1007/s40093-016-0116-8.]
48. Sundaram, S.K. Saraswathi, S. Jayalakshmi, S. Lalitha, S., 2003. Estimation of solvated ionic radii of bivalent nitrates through molal hydration number. Bulletin of Electrochemistry, 19(5), pp. 217-220.
49. Tanyaros, S., Choopunth, P. and Kurokura, H., 2002. A basic design and operating for shrimp-settling-oyster integration system to reduce discharge problem. Fisheries science, 68(1), pp.843-846. [DOI:10.2331/fishsci.68.sup1_843]
50. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP/248. 2017.
51. Varjani, S., Kumar, G., Rene, E.R., 2019. Developments in biochar application for pesticide remediation: current knowledge and future research directions. Journal of Environmental Management, 232, pp. 505-513.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.043 [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.043.]
52. Vijayaraghavan, K., 2019. Recent advancements in biochar preparation, feedstocks, modification, characterization and future applications. Environmental Technology Reviews, 8, pp. 47-64. [DOI:10.1080/21622515.2019.1631393]
53. Wang, B., Ma, Y., Lee, X., Wu, P., Liu, F., Zhang, X., Li, L., Chen, M., 2021. Environmental-friendly coal gangue-biochar composites reclaiming phosphate from water as a slow-release fertilizer. The Science of The Total Environment, 758, pp. 143664. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143664]
54. Wang, J., Wang, S., 2019. Preparation, modification and environmental application of biochar: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, pp.1002-22. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.282]
55. Wang, S., Kong, L., Long, J., Su, M., Diao, Z., Chang, X., Shih, K., 2018. Adsorption of phosphorus by calcium-flour biochar: isotherm, kinetic and transformation studies. Chemosphere, 195, pp. 666-672. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.101]
56. Wang, S., Wang, J. 2019. Activation of peroxymonosulfate by sludge-derived biochar for the degradation of triclosan in water and wastewater. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 356, pp. 350-358.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.062 [DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.062.]
57. Wang, T., Zhang, D., Fang, K., Zhu, W., Peng, Q., and Xie, Z., 2021. Enhanced nitrate removal by physical activation and Mg/Al layered double hydroxide modified biochar derived from wood waste: Adsorption characteristics and mechanisms. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(4), pp. 105184. [DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105184]
58. Wang, T., Zheng, J., Liu, H., Peng, Q., Zhou, H., and Zhang, X., 2021. Adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ by a new agricultural waste-Caragana korshinskii biomass derived biochar. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, pp. 13800-13818 [DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-11571-9]
59. Xia, P., Wang, Xuejing, Wang, Xin, Song, J., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Zhao, J., 2016. Struvite crystallization combined adsorption of phosphate and ammonium from aqueous solutions by mesoporous MgO loaded diatomite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 506, pp. 220-227. [DOI:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.101]
60. Yang, Q., Wang, X., Luo, W., Sun, J., Xu, Q., Chen, F., and Zeng, G., 2018. Effectiveness and mechanisms of phosphate adsorption on iron-modified biochars derived from waste activated sludge. Bioresoure Technology, 247, pp. 537-544. [DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.136]
61. Yang, X., Zhang, S., Ju, M., 2015. Preparation and modification of biochar materials and their application in soil remediation. Applied Science, 9(7), pp. 1365. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app9071365.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071365 [DOI:10.3390/app9071365.]
62. Yao, Y., Gao, B., Zhang, M., Inyang, M. and Zimmerman, A.R., 2012. Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil. Chemosphere, 89(11), pp.1467-1471. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.06.002]
63. Ye, Y., Ngo, H.H., Guo, W., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, J., Ni, B., Chang, S.W., Nguyen, D.D., 2016. Insight into biological phosphate recovery from sewage. Bioresoure Technology, 218, pp. 874-881. [DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.003]
64. Yin, Q., Liu, M., and Ren, H., 2019. Biochar produced from the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and walnut shell for ammonium and phosphate adsorption from water. Journal of Environmental Management, 249, pp. 109410. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109410]
65. Zhang, M., Song, G., Gelardi, D. L., Huang, L., Khan, E., Mašek, O., and Ok, Y. S., 2020. Evaluating biochar and its modifications for the removal of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate in water. Water Research, 186, pp. 116303. [DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2020.116303]
66. Zhao, H., Xue, Y., Long, L., and Hu, X., 2018. Adsorption of nitrate onto biochar derived from agricultural residuals. Water Science & Technology, 77(2), 548-554. [DOI:10.2166/wst.2017.568]
67. Zheng, Q. Yang, L. Song, D. Zhang, S. Wu, H. Li, S. Wang, X., 2020. High adsorption capacity of Mg-Al-modified biochar for phosphate and its potential for phosphate interception in soil. Chemosphere, 259, pp. 127469. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127469]
ارسال پیام به نویسنده مسئول
| بازنشر اطلاعات | |
 |
این مقاله تحت شرایط Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License قابل بازنشر است. |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons — Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)