1. Apprill, A.M. and Gates, R.D., 2007. Recognizing diversity in coral symbiotic dinoflagellate communities. Molecular Ecology, 16(6), 1127-1134. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03214.x]
2. Baker, A.C., 1999. The symbiosis ecology of reef-building corals. University of Miami.
3. Baker, A.C., 2001. Reef corals bleach to survive change. Nature, 411(6839), pp.765-766. [
DOI:10.1038/35081151]
4. Baker, A.C., Starger, C.J., McClanahan, T.R. and Glynn, P.W., 2004. Corals' adaptive response to climate change. Nature, 430(7001), pp.741-741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/430741a [
DOI:10.1038/430741a]
5. Dehghani, H., Ghavam Mostafavi, P., Fatemi, S.M.R. and Fallah Mehrabadi, J., 2018. Molecular diversity of Symbiodinium spp. within six coral species in Larak Island, the Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science, 17(1), 151-161. URL: http://jifro.ir/article-1-3275-en.html
6. Ghavam Mostafavi, P., Ashrafi, M.G. and Dehghani, H., 2013. Are symbiotic algae in corals in northern parts of the Persian Gulf resistant to thermal stress? Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 16(2), 177-182. [
DOI:10.1080/14634988.2013.790281]
7. Ghavam Mostafavi, P., Fatemi, S.M.R., Shahhosseiny, M.H., Hoegh Guldberg, O. and Loh, W.K.W., 2007. Predominance of clade D Symbiodinium in shallow-water reef-building corals off Kish and Larak Islands (Persian Gulf, Iran). Marine Biology, 153, 25-34. [
DOI:10.1007/s00227-007-0796-8]
8. Ghavam Mostafavi, P., Salmanpour, M., Ahmadi, A., Qayyem Ashrafi, M., Parsa, S. and Dehghani, H., 2025. Do the reef-building corals around non-residential Shidvar Island tend to be symbionts with heat-resistant Clade D?. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 24(4), pp.953-968. [
DOI:10.22092/ijfs.2025.134036]
9. Goulet, T.L., 2006. Most corals may not change their symbionts. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 321, 1-7. [
DOI:10.3354/meps]
10. Goulet, T.L., Cook, C.B. and Goulet, D., 2005. Effect of short‐term exposure to elevated temperatures and light levels on photosynthesis of different host‐symbiont combinations in the Aiptasia pallida/Symbiodinium symbiosis. Limnology and Oceanography, 50(5), pp.1490-1498. [
DOI:10.4319/lo.2005.50.5.1490]
11. Hoegh-Guldberg, O., 1999. Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs. Marine and freshwater research, 51(8), pp.839-866. URL: https://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/344259.pdf [
DOI:10.1071/MF99078]
12. Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P.J., Hooten, A.J., Steneck, R.S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C.D., Sale, P.F., Edwards, A.J., Caldeira, K. and Knowlton, N., 2007. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. science, 318(5857), pp.1737-1742. [
DOI:10.1126/science.1152509]
13. Hume, B., D'angelo, C., Burt, J., Baker, A.C., Riegl, B. and Wiedenmann, J., 2013. Corals from the Persian/Arabian Gulf as models for thermotolerant reef-builders: prevalence of clade C3 Symbiodinium, host fluorescence and ex situ temperature tolerance. Marine pollution bulletin, 72(2), pp.313-322. [
DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.032]
14. Hume, B.C., D'Angelo, C., Smith, E.G., Stevens, J.R., Burt, J. and Wiedenmann, J., 2015. Symbiodinium thermophilum sp. nov., a thermotolerant symbiotic alga prevalent in corals of the world's hottest sea, the Persian/Arabian Gulf. Scientific reports, 5(1), p.8562. [
DOI:10.1038/srep08562]
15. Hume, B.C., Mejia-Restrepo, A., Voolstra, C.R. and Berumen, M.L., 2020. Fine-scale delineation of Symbiodiniaceae genotypes on a previously bleached central Red Sea reef system demonstrates a prevalence of coral host-specific associations. Coral Reefs, 39(3), 583-601. [
DOI:10.1007/s00338-020-01917-7]
16. Kaveh, S., Ghavam Mostafavi, P., Hosseini Tafreshi, S.A. and Shahhosseiny, M., 2025. Changes in the symbiotic dinoflagellate and GFP-like protein in heat stress tolerant Porites harrisoni versus heat stress sensitive Acropora downingi: a case study in the Persian Gulf. Aquatic Ecology, 1-17. [
DOI:10.1007/s10452-025-10183-0]
17. LaJeunesse, T.C. and Trench, R.K., 2000. Biogeography of two species of Symbiodinium (Freudenthal) inhabiting the intertidal sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt). The Biological Bulletin, 199(2), pp.126-134. [
DOI:10.2307/1542872]
18. LaJeunesse, T.C., 2005. "Species" radiations of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific since the Miocene-Pliocene transition. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 22(3), 570-581. [
DOI:10.1093/molbev/msi042]
19. Mashini, A.G., Fard Yazdani, M., Ghavam Mostafavi, P. and Shahhosseiny, M.H., 2017. Analysis of symbiotic Symbiodinium in scleractinian corals off Northwestern Kish Island, Persian Gulf. Marine Ecology, 38(2), 12424. [
DOI:10.1111/maec.12424]
20. Mashini, A.G., Parsa, S. and Mostafavi, P.G., 2015. Comparison of Symbiodinium populations in corals from subtidal region and tidal pools of northern coasts of Hengam Island, Iran. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 473, 202-206. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jembe.2015.09.007 [
DOI:10.1016/j.jembe.2015.09.007]
21. Mieog, J.C., van Oppen, M.J., Cantin, N.E., Stam, W.T. and Olsen, J.L., 2007. Real-time PCR reveals a high incidence of Symbiodinium clade D at low levels in four scleractinian corals across the Great Barrier Reef: implications for symbiont shuffling. Coral Reefs, 26(3), pp.449-457. [
DOI:10.1007/s00338-007-0244-8]
22. Pochon, X., Stat, M., Takabayashi, M., Chasqui, L., Chauka, L.J., Logan, D.D. and Gates, R.D., 2010. COMPARISON OF ENDOSYMBIOTIC AND FREE‐LIVING SYMBIODINIUM (DINOPHYCEAE) DIVERSITY IN A HAWAIIAN REEF ENVIRONMENT 1. Journal of Phycology, 46(1), pp.53-65. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00797.x]
23. Reimer, J.D., Takishita, K., Ono, S., Maruyama, T. and Tsukahara, J., 2006. Latitudinal and intracolony ITS‐rDNA sequence variation in the symbiotic dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) in Zoanthus sansibaricus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Phycological Research, 54(2), pp.122-132. [
DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1835.2006.00419.x]
24. Shafeian. E, 2023. Study of seasonal change of antibacterial and antifungal activities of steroids in Haliclona sp. (in Lavan and Larak Island, Persian Gulf). Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Marine Biology. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. 47 p. (in Persian).
25. Shahhosseiny, M.H., Mostafavi, P.G., Fatemi, S.M.R. and Karimi, E., 2011. Clade identification of symbiotic zooxanthellae of dominant sclerectinian coral species of intertidal pools in Hengam Island. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(9), 1502-1506. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJB10.1093 [
DOI:10.5897/AJB10.1093]
26. State, M. and Gates, R.D., 2011. Clade D Symbiodinium in scleractinian corals: a "nugget" of hope, a selfish opportunist, an ominous sign, or all of the above? Journal of Marine Science 2011(1), p.730715. [
DOI:10.1155/2011/730715]
27. Toller, W.W., Rowan, R. and Knowlton, N., 2001. Repopulation of zooxanthellae in the Caribbean corals Montastraea annularis and M. faveolata following experimental and disease-associated bleaching. The Biological Bulletin, 201(3), 360-373. [
DOI:10.2307/1543614]
28. Veron, J.E.N. and Stafford-Smith, M., 2000. Corals of the World. Volumes 1-3. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia, 1382.