The present study compared the geometric morphometrics of
Barilius mesopotamicus populations, one of the native cyprinids in Jarrahi River basin. For this purpose, 166 fish specimens from three populations of Aalaa, Zardmashin, and main Jarrahi rivers were sampled. Specimens were anesthetized in 1% clove oil, fixed in 10% neutralized formalin, and transferred to the laboratory. Pictures were taken from the left side of the specimens and digitized using 15 landmarks placed on two-dimensional images using Tpsdig2 software. The data after Procrustes analysis was analyzed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA), and Cluster Analysis (CA). Geometric morphometric comparisons showed significant differences amongst the studied populations which were due to the differences in head size and shape, body height, and length of the caudal peduncle. The CVA fully separated Jarrahi population from the other two populations. Zardmashin and Aala populations were slightly overlapped. The CA also clustered Zardmashin and Aala populations in one group, indicating more similarity between these two populations.