The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of chili pepper extract on the growth, blood parameters, and immune responses of rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish with an average initial weight of 9.38±0.01 (g) were fed with diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 (%) of pepper extract in for a month. Based on the results, the highest weight gain, percent of weight gain, specific growth rate and the least food convention ratio was observed in 0.5% treatment. After 15 days, significant changes were observed in all blood parameters among various feeding treatments, (except for globulin), so that 0.25% and 0.5% treatments showed significantly higher red and white blood cell counts, and Hb level compared to other groups (P<0.05). At the end of rearing period, the most concentration of total protein and HCT (%) were detected in 0.25% treatment. With increased time and the concentration of chili pepper extract, lysozyme and complement showed increasing trends and their highest levels were measured in those fish fed with 1% chili pepper extract at the end of rearing period (P<0.05). Regarding the presented results, the use of red pepper extract at 0.25 and 0.5 % is recommended to enhance the weight and immune system of rainbow trout fish against infectious agents.